2^nd International Conference on Parkinsons and Neurodegenerative Diseases December 09-10, 2021 Sydney, Australia

Neuropharmacology is the examination of how drugs influence cellular function in the nervous system and the neural system through which they influence behavior. There are two branches of neuropharmacology behavioral and molecular. Behavioral mainly focuses on the study of how drugs that affects human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology) including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical communication with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function.

Anti-anxiety drugs

Recent drug development

Neuroimmuno pharmacology

Neuro chemical interaction

Latest advancement in neuropharmacologcal therapy

Genome wide association studies

Biochemical genetics

Neurogenetic and neurometabolic abnormalities are disorders that affect how the brain functions. They occur in young children of all ages, races and genders. Neurogenetic disease is the umbrella term of chronic diseases which describe the brain abnormalities that occur following changes in the genes of the child and these cause certain brain cells to develop and function abnormally. In the case of neurometabolic abnormalities; these disorders result from problems in the enzymes of the body’s cells which are either unable to either use foods to produce the energy the cell needs, or get rid of the breakdown products of the foods used.

Biochemical genetics

Gene mutation and disease

Neural engineering

Genetic engineering and gene sequencing

Cancer neurogenetics

Huntington disease

Spine disorders occur in individuals irrespective of their age -spina bifida in infants to spinal stenosis in the elderly. Causes of spinal cord disorders include mainly injuries, infections, blocked blood supply, and compression by a fractured bone or a tumor. The boost in spinal disorders has been met with a leap in advancements in the diagnostic techniques. Endoscopic spine, MRI, X- rays CT and DEA are some of the generally used tools in diagnosing spinal disorders.

Scoliosis

Lumbar spinal stenosis

Spina bifida

Cauda equina syndrome

Tumors

Psychiatry is the restorative forte committed to the determination, avoidance, and treatment of the mental issue. These incorporate different maladaptations identified with disposition, conduct, comprehension, and observations. Introductory mental appraisal of a man ordinarily starts with a case history and mental status examination. Psychology is the science of behavior and minds which including conscious and unconscious conditions as well as thought and feeling. Physical examinations and mental tests might be directed examples like neuroimaging or other neurophysiological procedures are utilized.

Psychology

Types of psychotherapy

Hypnotherapy

Counselling and psychotherapy

Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that control your own voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are the ones which we can control by our self like in your arms and legs. Your nerve cells also called as neurons, send the messages that control these muscles. When the neurons become delicate or die, communication between your nervous system and muscles breaks down. As a result, your muscles weaken and waste away this weakness can lead to twitching, cramps, aches, pains, and joint and movement problems. Frequently it also affects heart function and your ability to breathe.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

Spinal muscular atrophy

Paediatric neurology happens mostly in youngsters or teenagers. Neurology influences around 6 in 100,000 youngsters. Neurology in kids is of three essential sorts in whom two are ischemic neurology in which blockage of veins outcome in absence of blood stream and harm. At the point when a corridor is blocked, the term blood vessel ischemic neurology (AIS) is utilized. At the point when a vein is block, the term utilized is cerebral Sino venous thrombosis (CSVT). In the third shape, haemorrhagic neurology (HS), the vein crack as opposed to being blocked. The most known signs and side effects of neurology incorporate the sudden appearance of failing or deadness of the face, arm or leg, more often than not on one side of the body.

Movement disorders (Cerebral paresis)

Muscle diseases

Liposomal storage disease

Development disorders

Brain malformations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disease of nervous system that possesses symptoms which continue and become worse over time. It is the second commonest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and in the UK, has a lifetime prevalence of between 0.1 and 0.3% of the population. The basic reason behind this condition is malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in brain. In normal conditions nerve cells present in the brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine that is responsible for signalling movement, emotions and co-ordination but in the case of diseased individual dopamine production slows down, hence the individual become unable to control the movement normally. There is no cure but treatment involves medication and surgery. Slowness of voluntary movements, reduced facial appearance, repetitious tongue, and diminished eye flashing, A shuffling gait with deprived arm swing and curved posture, Shaky stability; difficulty rising from a sitting position, Swallowing problems in later stages.

Neurosurgery is a medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with injury or diseases/disorders of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves inner all parts of the body. A physician who specializes in neurosurgery is known as Neurosurgeon they are not only brain surgeons, but they can medically trained neurosurgical specialists who can also help patients suffering from back and neck pain as well as other illnesses ranging from trigeminal neuralgia to head injury and Parkinson's disease.

Vascular neurosurgery

Stereotactic neurosurgery/ functional neurosurgery

Oncological neurosurgery

Skull base surgery

Spinal neurosurgery

Paediatric neurosurgery

Clinical neurophysiology is a therapeutic specialty that studies the central and peripheral nervous systems through the documentation of bioelectrical activity, whether spontaneous or stimulated. It involves the study of both pathophysiology along with clinical methods used to diagnosis both in peripheral and central nervous system. Examinations in clinical neurophysiology field are not limited to tests conducted in a laboratory. Tests which are conducted are concerned with measuring the electrical functions of the brain, nerves in the limbs & muscles and spinal cord.

Electromyography

Electroencephalography

Evoked potentials

Polysomnography

Intraoperative monitoring

Neurology is the branch of medicine concerned with the examination and analysis of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex; practical that regulates and coordinates body activities and it has two major divisions’ central nervous system and peripheral nervous system including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. The doctor who specialized in neurology is known as neurologist. The neurologist trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat a neurological disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurologists do not perform surgery if any patient requires surgery they refer to neurosurgeons.

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

General Neurology

cerebrovascular disease

Behavioural neurology

Neuroplasticity, which encompasses both synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity, is often referred to as brain plasticity or neural plasticity, and refers to improvements in neural pathways and synapses as a result of changes in behaviour, environment, neural processes, thought, and emotions, as well as changes in the body. The aim of this session is to learn about the latest advances in brain plasticity as it relates to neurite remodelling and how to improve neural connections. Neurorehabilitation is a therapeutic method that aims to aid recovery from nervous system damage while also minimising or compensating for any functional changes that result.

The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as Neuroanatomy. In contrast to radial symmetry animals, which have a distributed cell network in their nervous systems, bilateral symmetry animals have segregated, formed nervous systems. In vertebrates, the nervous system is divided into two parts: the inner structure of the brain and spinal cord (commonly referred to as the CNS) and the nerve pathways that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system condition that can be debilitating (brain and spinal cord). The immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibres in MS, causing communication problems with your brain and the rest of your body. The disease can cause irreversible nerve damage or weakening in the long run. MS signs and symptoms vary significantly depending on the degree of nerve damage and which nerves are damaged. Some people with severe MS may lose their ability to walk independently or at all, while those with no new symptoms may go into remission for long periods of time. The signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis can differ significantly from person to person and over the course of the disease, depending on where the affected nerve fibres are located. Symptoms such as numbness or stiffness in one or more joints, which typically happens on one side of the body or in the legs and trunk at the same time, may often affect movement. Electric shock sensations that occur when such movements are made of neck, especially bending the neck forward, Tremor, absence of coordination.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells to die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and is characterized by a gradual loss of thinking, mental, and social skills that impairs an individual's ability to function independently. The disease's early symptoms include forgetting recent events or conversations. As Alzheimer's disease progresses, a person may experience severe memory loss and lose the ability to perform daily tasks. Medications can temporarily improve or postpone the progression of symptoms. Alzheimer's disease patients and their families will benefit from a number of programmes and services. Moods and habits may be influenced by Alzheimer's disease-related brain changes. The following are examples of possible issues: Depression, social isolation, sleep disturbances, loss of inhibitions, delusions, and other symptoms can occur.